What Happens When A Stock Gets Delisted And How It Impacts Investors

It is an "et tu, Brute?" moment for investors who reposed big faith in companies after careful analysis and sifting through, only to find the securities of the company disappear without a trace from the exchange. An investor might have experienced the moment at least once, as companies opt to/are forced to delist their shares due to multifarious reasons.

What Delisting Means

Delisting refers to the process by which a listed security is removed from an exchange on which it is traded. Delisting could further be classified into voluntary delisting and involuntary delisting.

Voluntary Vs. Involuntary Delisting

Some companies may voluntarily opt to delist their shares from an exchange. Does that mean they are fickle minded? Probably not. The decision to voluntarily delist may be taken weighing in the cost-benefit ratio. Companies may deem it too unviable to have their stocks listed, as legal and compliance costs associated with listing may outweigh the benefits arising out of a listing.

Moving over to involuntary listing, it can be viewed as the company being kicked out of an exchange as it failed to comply with listing standards laid down by the exchange. When a company goes out of business, delisting is a natural corollary.

Summarizing The Major Reasons For Delisting

• Bankruptcy.
• Absence of trading or negligible trading.
• Non-compliance with ongoing listing standards.
• Company going private.
• Costs related to listing outweighing the benefits associated with listing.

How Companies Steer Clear Of Delisting

Complying with ongoing listing standards of exchanges where shares are listed is one surefire way of warding off delisting. The compliance reassures investors of the credibility of the company in question. On the contrary, when a company flouts these norms, it's forced out of an exchange.

How Are Investors Impacted By Delisting?

Once a stock is involuntarily delisted from a main exchange, it will be relegated to trading over-the-counter on the Pink market. This may cause the security to become illiquid.

However, in reality, the ownership right to the security becomes worthless. The announcement, which is made prior to the delisting by companies themselves if it is a voluntary delisting, or by the exchange, if it is an involuntary delisting, sends the share spiraling down, rendering your investment worthless.

The security may become illiquid. Once a stock is delisted from a main exchange, it will be relegated to trading in the OTCBB or the Pink Sheets. These loosely regulated exchanges do not provide easy access to everyone to trade.

However, in a going private transaction, investors at least get some return on their investment, as companies buy out existing shareholders.

In the eventuality of a bankruptcy, the company's shares can still trade on the Pink market, although these shares can become worthless when new shares are issued as part of its reorganization plan on emergence from bankruptcy.

If the company comes out of bankruptcy, there may be two different types of common stock, the old stock and the new common stock that the company issued as part of its reorganization plan:

• The old common stock will typically trade on the Pink market, with a five-letter ticker symbol that ends in "Q," indicating that the stock was involved with bankruptcy proceedings.
• The ticker symbol for the new common stock will not end in "Q." Sometimes the new stock may have been authorized and are yet to be issued. In such a situation, the stock is said to be trading "when issued," which is shorthand for "when, as, and if issued." The ticker symbol of such a stock will end with a "V," which will no longer appear when the stock is issued.

What Should Be The Stance Of Investors When Their Holding Faces Risk Of Delisting?

One may be well advised to liquidate the holding as early as possible to minimize the losses on one's investment. However, some high profile companies may get their ADRs delisted from the main exchanges and yet trade on a well regulated major overseas exchange. It may be worth holding onto them even if it means they are lightly traded over the counter.

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