In the wake of Hurricanes Helene and Milton, disaster aid has taken a modern turn thanks to artificial intelligence (AI). As North Carolina and Florida communities recover, the nonprofit GiveDirectly is pioneering a unique approach to disaster aid by sending direct cash payments to those affected.
The organization is using Google's machine learning tools to quickly identify and support households with the greatest need, delivering $1,000 cash payments to 985 households with a second round of payments set for November.
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Streamlining Disaster Relief with AI
GiveDirectly designed its program to get relief to people quickly. When they sent cash to families affected by Hurricanes Ian and Fiona in 2022, those who enrolled received funds in their bank accounts within a day.
Using AI to analyze pre- and post-storm satellite images, Google's SKAI system helps identify the communities most in need – those in high poverty and heavily damaged areas.
A poverty assessment tool also cross-references that data to further refine the target areas. This information allows GiveDirectly to invite specific households to enroll in the cash assistance program through Propel, an app widely used by those receiving government benefits. After approval, the funds are deposited directly into users' accounts via the app's debit card.
Using AI this way helps get relief to those in need quicker and reduces the documentation that is typically needed to prove eligibility. "We already know they're eligible," Laura Keen, senior program manager at GiveDirectly told the Associated Press (AP).
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Meeting Diverse Needs Through Cash Payments
Direct cash assistance offers a flexible solution for those affected to see to their unique needs. Food, clothing, and other donated goods provide much-needed support, but cash covers other necessities, like hotel stays, childcare, and bill payments. Keen told AP that "there is an elegance to cash that allows individuals in these types of circumstances to resolve their unique needs."
Keen also pointed out that providing money to people quickly can help prevent them from falling prey to predatory lending. A wider shift toward cash-based assistance could help prevent recipients from falling into debt from high-interest loans or credit cards.
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Challenges and Room for Growth
Despite the advantages, the program faces some challenges. Only those with access to smartphones and the Propel app can currently participate, which limits the reach. Certain low-income groups without reliable internet or power are also excluded.
Keen said she is aware of the shortcomings and that some of these gaps could be addressed through a hybrid model that provides remote and in-person support, but the expansion is largely dependent on funding. GiveDirectly has raised $1.2 million of its $2 million goal.
On a national scale, FEMA's Serious Needs Assistance program has also adapted, increasing relief payments to $770 (from $500-$750). However, unlike GiveDirectly's proactive approach, FEMA still requires recipients to apply — a process that, in some cases, was slowed by misinformation.
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Paving The Way For Future Disaster Relief
GiveDirectly hopes its model will inspire further adoption of direct cash payments in disaster response. While FEMA's program must balance speed and accountability due to its government mandate, Chris Smith, a former FEMA official, told AP that technology like AI could streamline eligibility checks in public programs. This evolution could bring disaster aid to impacted communities more efficiently, addressing both immediate needs and laying a foundation for long-term resilience.
As technology continues to reshape disaster response, the innovative use of AI in direct cash aid may offer a glimpse of a more responsive future for those facing the devastating impacts of natural disasters.
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